Role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of biopsy-negative malignant gastrointestinal strictures (with video) / 中华消化内镜杂志

To evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in patients with biopsy-negative malignant gastrointestinal stricture, a retrospective analysis was performed on data of patients whose computed tomography scan showed gastrointestinal malignant tumor with complete lumen stricture and endoscopic biopsy results showed negative, who underwent EUS-FNA in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2016 to January 2020. Perioperative complications, technical success rate and accuracy of EUS-FNA were analyzed. Eleven cases included in the study, including 7 males and 4 females, with mean age of 60.3 years. There were 8 esophageal strictures and 3 rectal strictures. All patients successfully underwent EUS-FNA, and malignant tumor was found in 10 cases and no tumor cell was found in 1 case. No complications were reported. EUS-FNA is a safe and valuable approach to diagnosing biopsy-negative malignant gastrointestinal strictures.

Clinical implications of endoscopic ultrasonography non-traversability in patients with locoregional esophageal cancer receiving multimodality therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Approximately 30% of esophageal cancer (EC) patients cannot complete endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) due to malignant stricture (EUS non-traversability). This study examines clinical implications of EUS non-traversability in patients with advanced locoregional squamous EC receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by esophagectomy. METHODS: We retrieved data on 89 consecutive patients with advanced locoregional squamous EC (stage II or III). Relevant clinical and tumor-specific parameters were reviewed retrospectively. Significant factors affecting survival was determined by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: EUS non-traversable EC was observed in 26 of 89 patients (29.2%). Median serum albumin level (3.6 g/dL vs. 3.9 g/dL, p = 0.028), tumor length (6.0 cm vs. 4.0 cm, p = 0.002), and percentage of clinical stage III disease (65.4% vs. 38.1%, p = 0.019) were significantly different between the patients with EUS non-traversable and traversable EC, respectively. Patients with EUS non-traversable EC demonstrated a significantly lower 5-year overall survival than patients with EUS traversable EC (30.8% vs. 49.3%, p = 0.023). In multivariate analysis, weight loss ≥ 10% (p = 0.033), EUS non-traversability (p = 0.003), non-response to preoperative CRT (p = 0.002), and incompletion of esophagectomy (p = 0.002) were significant negative factors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: EUS non-traversability has significant negative prognostic implications in patients with advanced locoregional squamous EC receiving preoperative CRT followed by esophagectomy.

Clinical implications of endoscopic ultrasonography non-traversability in patients with locoregional esophageal cancer receiving multimodality therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Approximately 30% of esophageal cancer (EC) patients cannot complete endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) due to malignant stricture (EUS non-traversability). This study examines clinical implications of EUS non-traversability in patients with advanced locoregional squamous EC receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by esophagectomy. METHODS: We retrieved data on 89 consecutive patients with advanced locoregional squamous EC (stage II or III). Relevant clinical and tumor-specific parameters were reviewed retrospectively. Significant factors affecting survival was determined by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: EUS non-traversable EC was observed in 26 of 89 patients (29.2%). Median serum albumin level (3.6 g/dL vs. 3.9 g/dL, p = 0.028), tumor length (6.0 cm vs. 4.0 cm, p = 0.002), and percentage of clinical stage III disease (65.4% vs. 38.1%, p = 0.019) were significantly different between the patients with EUS non-traversable and traversable EC, respectively. Patients with EUS non-traversable EC demonstrated a significantly lower 5-year overall survival than patients with EUS traversable EC (30.8% vs. 49.3%, p = 0.023). In multivariate analysis, weight loss ≥ 10% (p = 0.033), EUS non-traversability (p = 0.003), non-response to preoperative CRT (p = 0.002), and incompletion of esophagectomy (p = 0.002) were significant negative factors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: EUS non-traversability has significant negative prognostic implications in patients with advanced locoregional squamous EC receiving preoperative CRT followed by esophagectomy.

Health-Care Utilization and Complications of Endoscopic Esophageal Dilation in a National Population

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Esophageal stricture is usually managed with outpatient endoscopic dilation. However, patients with food impaction or failure to thrive undergo inpatient dilation. Esophageal perforation is the most feared complication, and its risk in inpatient setting is unknown. METHODS: We used National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2007–2013. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify patients with esophageal strictures. Logistic regression was used to assess association between hospital/patient characteristics and utilization of esophageal dilation. RESULTS: There were 591,187 hospitalizations involving esophageal stricture; 4.2% were malignant. Endoscopic dilation was performed in 28.7% cases. Dilation was more frequently utilized (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; p<0.001), had higher in-hospital mortality (3.1% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001), and resulted in longer hospital stays (5 days vs. 4 days, p=0.01), among cases of malignant strictures. Esophageal perforation was more common in the malignant group (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.007). Patients with malignant compared to benign strictures undergoing dilation were more likely to require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or jejunostomy (PEG/J) tube (14.1% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001). Palliative care services were utilized more frequently in malignant stricture cases not treated with dilation compared to those that were dilated. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient endoscopic dilation was utilized in 29% cases of esophageal stricture. Esophageal perforation, although infrequent, is more common in malignant strictures.

Experiencia colangioscopia peroral monoperador (SPYGLASS) en patología biliar en un centro privado de tercer nivel en Venezuela / Experience colangioscopia peroral single operator (SPYGLASS) in biliary pathology in a center deprived of the third level in Venezuela.

Spyglass es un colangioscopio peroral mono operador desechable que ha estado disponible desde principios de 2007 para patología biliar. Objetivo: Demostrar la experiencia en Venezuela usando sistema Spyglass en pacientes con patología biliar. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo (febrero2012-mayo2015), Policlínica Metropolitana.50 spyglass fueron realizados, representando 7,7% del volumen de CPRE biliares en el mismo período (50/650). Se incluyeron 46 pacientes (45 hombres, 1 mujer), edad media 62,6 años (24-92 años). Indicaciones: coledocolitiasis (20), estenosis (23), tumor (2), descarte Neo entre 2 prótesis (1), prótesis trans stent (1). Un mono operador a través de un duodenoscopio terapéutico realizó colangioscopia spyglass. Sedación por anestesiología en quirófano y antibiótico profiláctico fue administrada. Resultados: Spyglass fue realizada en 46 pacientes (50 procedimientos).Hallazgos: litiasis (20 pacientes), estenosis benigna (10), estenosis maligna (13), colangitis esclerosante (1), prótesis trans stent (1). De los pacientes con litiasis, el clearance ductal posterior a litotripsia holmiun láser se logró en el 85% después de una sesión, y el 15 % en un segundo intento.Spyglass confirmó el diagnóstico de malignidad en 13/21 (62%), el diagnóstico se estableció por combinación de características visuales y biopsias directas.En 7/21 (33,33%) cambio diagnóstico: benigno (6), colangitis esclerosante (1) y en uno no se pudo establecer diagnóstico. La sospecha de benignidad se confirmó en 3/4 pacientes. Pancreatitis, microperforación retroperitoneal y fístula pancreática se reportó en un paciente (2,17%) resuelto con tratamiento médico y quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Spyglass es una técnica útil en estenosis sospechosa de benignidad o malignidad, difirió el diagnóstico, modificando la conducta. Es una técnica adyuvante de la CPRE en el manejo de cálculos.

Spyglass is a disposable peroral cholangioscope monoperator that has been available since early 2007 for biliary disease. Objective: To demonstrate the experience in Venezuela using Spyglass system in patients with biliary disease. Patients and Methods: Prospective study (february2012-may2015), Polyclinic Metropolitana.50 spyglass were performed, representing 7.7% of the volume of bile ERCP in the same period (50/650). 46 patients (45 males, 1 female), mean age 62.6 years (24-92 years) were included. Indications: choledocholithiasis (20), stenosis (23), tumor (2), dicard neo between two prothesis (1), trans prosthesis stent (1) .A monoperator through a therapeutic duodenoscope made cholangioscopy spyglass. Sedation for anesthesiology and prophylactic antibiotic was administered. Results: Spyglass was performed in 46 patients (50 procedures) .Findings: lithiasis (20 patients), benign stricture (10), malignant stricture (13), sclerosing cholangitis (1), trans prosthesis stent (1). Of patients with stone disease, ductal clearance holmium laser after lithotripsy was achieved in 85% after a session, and 15% in a second attempt.Spyglass confirmed the diagnosis of malignancy in 13/21 (62%), the diagnosis was established by combination of visual features and directs biopsies.En 7/21 (33.33%) change diagnosis: benign (6), sclerosing cholangitis (1) and one diagnosis could not be established. The suspicion was confirmed benignity in 3/4 patients. Pancreatitis, retroperitoneal microperforation and pancreatic fistula was reported in one patient (2.17%) resolved with medical and surgical treatment. Conclusions: Spyglass is a useful technique for suspected benign or malignant stricture, diagnosis differed modifying behavior. Spyglass is a useful adjuvant to ERCP in the management of difficult stone disease.

Diagnosis of malignant stricture of common bile duct: alcoholfixation, liquid-based cytology and conventional cytology / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of alcohol fixation and liquid-based cytology method for malignant stricture of common bile duct and to study the interval time between sampling and fixation for procedure of alcohol fixation.Methods Data of 82 patients were retrospectively studied,who were suspected of having malignant stricture of common bile duct underwent brushing through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),and were confirmed by follow-up for 2 years or pathology after surgery from October 2008 to June 2013.These patients were randomly divided into alcohol fixation group (n =30),liquid-based cytology group (n =28) and conventional cytology group (n =24).The positive diagnostic rates of brush cytology in each group were compared.The alcohol fixation group were randomly divided into 2-minute group and 5-minute group according to the interval time between sampling and fixation.Positive diagnostic rates were also compared.Results The positive rates were 73.33％ (alcohol fixation group,22/30),75.00％ (liquid-based cytology group,21/28) and 20.83％ (conventional cytology group,5/24),respectively.The positive rate of conventional cytology group was obviously lower than alcohol fixation group (x2 =21.525,P=0.000) and liquid-based cytology group (x2 =22.208,P =0.000) with statistical significance.But the positive rate of alcohol fixation group was similar to the liquid-based cytology group (x2 =0.683,P =0.898).In alcohol fixation group,the positive rate of 2-min group (88.24％,15/17) was significantly higher than the 5-min group (53.85％,7/13) with statistical significance (x2 =4.535,P =0.033).Conclusion Compared with conventional fixation,alcohol fixation and liquid-based cytology can improve positive diagnostic rate of brushing during ERCP.The alcohol fixation is more simple in procedure and low in cost than liquid-based cytology.The interval time between sampling and fixation should be reduced to no more than 2 minutes.

Three Cases of Biliary Drainage in High Grade Malignant Biliary Stricture Using Soehendra Stent Retriever / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Malignant biliary or pancreatic duct stricture is dilatated using dilatating catheter or balloon catheter but a high grade stricture is difficult to dilate by general dilatating methods. Using Soehendra stent retriever is an effective method for exchanging an impacted stent. Recently, high grade malignant biliary strictures have been dilatated by Soehendra stent retriever. We report 3 cases of successful biliary drainage in high grade malignant biliary strictures using 7 Fr Soehendra stent retriever.